Posts Tagged ‘AHRQ’

Primary care practice in medicine does a very poor job of treating obesity. In a 2009 paper, researchers analyzed 696 million physician office visits of adults over 18 years old. In only 50% of these were both height and weight taken (so Body Mass Index could be determined) This was usually due to not taking the height measurement. Where a BMI was determined 27% of patients had normal weight, 31% were overweight and 37% were obese. Of the patients with obesity, a diagnosis of obesity was made in only 1/3 of the visits. In the patients with obesity, only 37% received counseling for diet, exercise or weight reduction. This percentage went up to 55% in patients who received a diagnosis of obesity. The researchers found the same pattern even when the patient with obesity had co-morbid conditions related to obesity. Adult obesity and office-based quality of care in …[Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009] – PubMed Result

Physician attitudes toward patients with obesity appear to be influenced by competency to treat, specialty and years since postgraduate training. Studies have shown that doctors can have stigmatizing attitudes to patients with obesity, believing such patients to not being able to benefit from counseling and have reported less desire to help obese patients. Implicit fat-bias has been found among health professionals treating obese patients. (See Fact Sheet on Stigma ) In a survey of School of Medicine faculty members, internal medicine faculty reported having the highest rate of obesity in their patients. Overall, physicians felt “fairly” competent in providing obesity counseling and reported an average of 14% of patient lost weight. 45% of physicians agreed that they have a negative reaction to the appearance of obese individuals which did not differ among specialties. Only about half felt qualified to treat obese patients; psychiatrists had the lowest sense of competency. More than half did not feel successful at treating obese patients with no difference between specialty. Physician success/efficacy was most strongly related to competency and patient weight loss. Pediatricians had a high expectation of a positive outcome but poorest weight loss in practice. Younger physicians had better expectations and outcomes than older physicians. Physicians’ attitudes about obesity and their asso…[BMC Health Serv Res. 2009] – PubMed Result

A complex set of factors may influence the physician’s decision to provide counseling, including judging the patient’s receptiveness to counseling, a ‘teachable moment,’ other medical matters, time and how many other patients are waiting to be seen. The art and complexity of primary care clinicians’…[Ann Fam Med. 2006 Jul-Aug] – PubMed Result

Another factor may be intentional neglect. In 1998 the editors of the prestigious New England of Medicine wrote an editorial in which they argued that weight loss was futile and dangerous and more so that treating obesity. They wrote, “In our view, doctors should provide advice if an overweight patient asks for phelp in planning a weight-loss program and recommend weight loss if a patient is suggering from health problems that can be ameliorated by weight loss, such as hypertension, diabetes or osteoarthritis, or it a patient is so obese that he or she is clearly in jeopardy (for example, if the patient is virtually immobilized.) In other situations, doctors should be cautious about exhorting patients to lose weight, especially when they are only mildly obese.” Losing weight–an ill-fated New Year’s resolution. [N Engl J Med. 1998] – PubMed Result The editorial produced a storm of reaction. William H. Dietz, MD, of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention wrote prophetically, “This passive approach will not prevent weight gain in those at risk, nor will it prevent further weight gain in those who are already overweight. Furthermore, the rapid increase in body-mass index in the U.S. population who are overweight will most likely continue unabated if this passive approach is used. Because health care providers represent a trusted source of information about nutrition, we believe they should counsel all patients who are overweight to avoid further weight gain, regardless of whether their patients raise the issue of weight. Abundant data confirm that weight loss reduces obesity-associated morbidity. Delaying counseling until such a condition has developed reflects ineffective attempts at prevention and increases the likelihood that patients will rely on inappropriate or unhealthy methods of weight control.” The obesity problem. [N Engl J Med. 1998] – PubMed Result George L. Blackburn responded for the Massachusetts Medical Society Committee on Nutrition. They took issue with another statement from Dr. Angell in a February 9, 1998 Wall St. Journal that some people “just like to eat – an in that case it’s (obesity) no more a disease than bank robbery is a disease.” More on the obesity problem. [N Engl J Med. 1998] – PubMed Result

Childhood obesity is also poorly treated in primary care practices in the United States. This study reviewed many studies and found primary care physicians had negative feelings about dealing with childhood obesity. Primary care physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, bel…[Obes Rev. 2009] – PubMed Result

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid undertook a large trial to see whether general prevention visits by Medicare beneficiaries resulted in improvements in smoking, alcohol consumption and sedentary lifestyle. There was not effect on sedentary behavior over two years. Medicare Lifestyle demonstration – PubMed Results

For more information, see

Reducing overweight and obesity: closing the gap b…[Fam Pract. 2008] – PubMed Result

Suboptimal identification of obesity by family phy…[Am J Manag Care. 2009] – PubMed Result

Health care providers perception of role Health care providers’ perceived role in changing …[Pediatrics. 2009] – PubMed Result

AHRQ Guidelines for Screening obesity in Adults Navigating the Health Care System: Ready to Lose Weight in the New Year? Experts Offer Guidance for Adults and Children

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Posted in MANAGING OBESITY, Primary Care

Tags: AHRQ CDC comorbid conditions doctors and attitudes toward overweight patients Medicare patient physicians primary care BMI William Dietz

Downey Fact Sheet 2 – Quick Facts

September 27th, 2009

The Downey Obesity Report

Printable PDF

ADULT OBESITY

The adult obesity rates have risen dramatically from 1960 to today; rates of overweight (BMI >30) have doubled, rates of obesity (BMI 30-39.9) have nearly tripled and rates of extreme or morbid obesity (BMI >40) have nearly increased seven fold.

ADULT (age 20-74) Prevalence ¹

Overweight (BMI 25-30) Percentage

1960-1962 31.5%

2005-2006 33%

Obese (BMI>30)

1960-1962 13.4%

2005-2006 35.1%

Extreme or Morbid Obese( BMI>40)

1960-1962 0.9%

2005-2006 6.2%

The rates of obesity only tell half the story. During this period, the total US population has also increased. Therefore, the raw numbers of Americans affected have also increased. Looking at the numbers of people affected, the overweight population has doubled, the obese population has increased 5 fold and the population with extreme or morbid obesity as increased by a factor of nearly 12!

Number of Americans Overweight in 1960: 56.5 million

Number of Americans Overweight in 2006: 94.5 million

Number of Americans Obese in 1960: 24 million

Number of Americans Obese in 2006:
40 million

Number of American with extreme or morbid obesity in 1960:
1.6 million

Number of Americans with extreme or morbid obesity in 2006: 18.6 million

Since 1960-61 to 2006, the number of American adults who became obese or extremely obese*: 61.1 million

Average number per year: 1.3 million

Average number per month: 110,779

Average number per day: 3,693

Average number per hour: 153

Average increase per minute: 2.5

Since 1960-61 to 2006, the number of American adults who became extremely obese*: 11 million

Average number per year: 240,217

Average number per month: 20,018

Average number per day: 667

Average number per hour: 27

Adolescents Obesity age 12-19 ³

Percent overweight/obese 2005-2006 18%

Young adult Obesity
Ages 18-29

Percent obese 1971-1974 8%

Percent obese 2005 24%

Childhood ²

Ages 6-11 15%

Ages 2-5 11%

Year at which each group will reach 80% obesity ⁴

All 2072

Men 2077

Women
2058

African American Women 2035

African American Men 2079

Mexican American Women 2073

Mexican American Men 20 91

White Women 2082

White Men
2073

Adipose Tissue (Fat Cells) ⁵

Age at which typical body has acquired its full number of fat cells: 13

Number of fat cells in average American Adult: 23-65 billion

Number of fat cells in persons with morbid obesity: 37-237 billion

Number of fat cells lost in weight-loss efforts: 0

By Julie Snider for the Downey Obesity Report

Daily Calories Needed and Available ⁶

Recommended calories per day by typical American adult:

Men 2,400 to 2,800

Women 2,000 to 2,200

Mean (meaning half were above and half below) adult daily calorie intake per day ⁷:

Men

1971 2,450

2001-2004 2,593

Women

1971 1,542

2001-2004 1,886

Percent increase in food available for consumption per person from
1970 to 2003: 16%

Amount of food available for each person increase from
1.67 pounds in 1970 to 1.95 pounds in 2003

Daily caloric intake has grown by 523 calories from 1970 to 2003. Leading the way were fats, oils, grains, vegetables and sugars and sweeteners.

U.S. Government Biomedical Research ⁸

2008 Budget of National Institutes of Health $29.6 billion

NIH Spending 2008 on selected diseases:

Cancer
$5.6 billion

HIV/AIDS funding $2.9 billion

Cardiovascular Disease
$2.0 billion

Heart Disease $1.2 billion

Obesity
$664 million

U. S. Government Infrastructure on Combating Obesity

Name of coordinator of U.S. global anti-obesity efforts:

(Trick question: no such position exists)

Name of White House coordinator of federal anti-obesity efforts:

(Another trick question: no such position exists)

Name of coordinator of Department of Health and Human Services***anti-obesity efforts:

(No such position exists)

*Calculations were made by taking the CDC prevalence figures for 1960-1962 and 2005-2006and multiplying them against US census data for 1960 and census data for 2006,respectively. See Census Bureau Home Page

**Available in this context means the total US calories available for consumption, less spoilage and waste. See ERS/USDA Data – Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System)

*** Department of Health and Human Services includes the National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Food and Drug Administration, Office of the Surgeon General, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality among others.)

Notes

1. N C H S – Health E Stats – Prevalence of overweight, obesity and exreme obesity among adults: United States, trends 1960-62 through 2005-2006

2. FASTSTATS – Overweight Prevalence

3. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus08.pdf

4. Studies of human adipose tissue. Adipose cell size…[J Clin Invest. 1973] – PubMed Result

5. Will all Americans become overweight or obese? est…[Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008] – PubMed Result. In this estimate, by 2030, 86.3% of adults will be overweight or obese and 51% obese; black women at a level of 96.9% will be the most effected, followed by Mexican-American men (91.1%). By 2048, all American adults would be overweight or obese but black women would reach that milestone by 2034. In children, the authors estimate, rates will nearly double by 2030.

6. http://www.mypyramid.gov/downloads/MyPyramid_Food_Intake_Patterns.pdf

7. http://www.ers.usda.gov/AmberWaves/November05/pdf/FindingsDHNovember2005.pdf

8. NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tool (RePORT) – Estimates of Funding for Various Research, Condition, and Disease Categories (RCDC)

By Julie Snider for the Downey Obesity Report

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Posted in FACT SHEETS

Tags: adipose tissue adults African-Americans age and obesity AHRQ biomedical research BMI calories cancer cardiovascular disease CDC children CMS Department of Health and Human Services FDA food HIV/Aids life span Mexican-Americans National Institutes of Heallth NIH overweight overweight Americans prevalence Surgeon General

Federal Government

September 27th, 2009

Federal Programs on Obesity

For an excellent overview, see http://www.stopobesityalliance.org/research-and-policy/research-center/gw-research/ and F as in Fat: How Obesity Policies Are Failing in America 2008 – RWJF

National Institutes of Health

NIH is the preeminent research organization in the United States and the world and have a number of research programs related to obesity.

Weight Information Network has many fact sheets, also available in Spanish Welcome to WIN – The Weight-control Information Network

What is NIH spending on obesity? A projected $664 million. NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tool (RePORT) – Estimates of Funding for Various Research, Condition, and Disease Categories (RCDC)

What are the specific grants now in process? NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tool (RePORT) – RCDC Project Listing by Category

What is their plan to address obesity? Obesity Research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Information on applying for grants. http://grants.nih.gov/favicon.ico

Clinical trials Home – ClinicalTrials.gov

Some particular projects:

Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery

Clinical Nutrition Research Units WIN – Research – ONRCs and CNRUs

Research Opportunities Obesity Research at NIDDK : NIDDK

Advisory Groups Clinical Obesity Research Panel (CORP) : NIDDK

NIDDK Office on Obesity Research Office of Obesity Research : NIDDK

Look Ahead Trial Action For Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) : NIDDK

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

The FDA has several responsibilities when it comes to obesity, including nutrition labeling and approval of drugs and devices

Calories Count: The 2004 plan of FDA to address obesity FDA/CFSAN – Calories Count: Report of the Working Group on Obesity Q&A Questions and Answers – The FDA’s Obesity Working Group Report

The Keystone Report on Away from Home Foods Calories Count and Keystone Report

Consumer information on reading the nutrition label. Make Your Calories Count

Department of Agriculture

Women Infants Children program of the USDA is a program of providing grants to states for nutrition education and support for low income pregnant, breastfeeding or post partum women WIC

Food and Nutrition Information Center Food and Nutrition Information Center

General Information on obesity General Information and Resources : Weight and Obesity : Food and Nutrition Information Center

Consumer Nutrition Information Weight Management : Nutrition.gov

Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

While the IRS is not considered a health agency, it does provide that taxpayers may use the medical deduction for expenses related to weight loss when a physician makes a recommendation of weight loss. Publication 502 (2008), Medical and Dental Expenses

Surgeon General

Surgeon General Richard Carmona on Obesity The Obesity Crisis in America

Surgeon General’s Report to Prevent and Decrease ObesityThe Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity

Transcript of meeting where Surgeon General David Satcher decided to issue Surgeon General’s Report on Preventing and Overcoming Obesity: http://www.health.gov/hpcomments/council4-23-99/focus.htm

Earlier Surgeon General Reports on Nutrition and Health The Surgeon General’s Report on Nutrition and Health (1988) and Physical Activity Physical Activity and Health Executive Summary

Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)

In 2004, CMS dropped language from its policies that obesity was not considered a disease. 2004.07.15: HHS Announces Revised Medicare Obesity Coverage Policy. A Deletion Opens Medicare To Coverage for Obesity – The New York Times

Subsequently, it convened an advisory panel to consider expanding or restricting medicare coverage of bariatric surgery which considered a summary of the evidence on the surgery’s safety and effectiveness. http://www.cms.hhs.gov/FACA/downloads/id26c.pdf

The outcome of the advisory panel was very favorable and, in 2006, official coverage policy was changed and expanded. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services

Disability

EEOC Policy on obesity EEOC Informal Discussion Letter

EEOC definition of “disability” Section 902 Definition of the Term Disability

6^th Circuit Court of Appeals denies ADA claim based on morbid obesity. Read the full decision in EEOC v. Watkins Motors. http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/opinions.pdf/06a0351p-06.pdf

Through the Social Security Administration, individuals who are morbidly obese and have cardiovascular, respiratory or musculoskeletal problems may quality for disability.

See: Disability Doc – Examining Social Security Disability – Obesity and Disability

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

The CDC has numerous fact sheets and guides. Where appropriate, they are incorporated into more specific sections of the site.

To see all the CDC resources available, go to Obesity and Overweight: Topics | DNPAO | CDC

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

AHRQ funds research, especially on the translation of basic research into clinical practice, improvements to clinical care and a number of evidence-based guidelines. Relevant guidelines are included in the treatment or health effects sections. AHRQ is a leader in Comparative Effectiveness Research and obesity is one of their major conditions of interest.

See Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Home Page

Medicaid

Morbidly obese patients often return to work after gastric bypass surgery Return to work after gastric bypass in Medicaid-fu…[Arch Surg. 2007] – PubMed Result

Veterans Administration

Learn about the VA programs in weight management at MOVE! Home

Department of Defense

Information on the military’s Tricare program and weight management can be found at The TRICARE Blog

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Posted in Federal Government, POLICY

Tags: ADA advocacy AHRQ Bariatric Surgery calories count CDC child nutrition clinical trials CMS consumer information costs David Satcher Department of Defense disability EEOC FDA food and nutrition IRS Look Ahead Medicaid NHLBI NIDDK NIH RESEARCH SSA STOP Obesity Alliance Surgeon General USDA Veterans Administration WIN

Health Effects

September 26th, 2009

Obesity is now recognized as one of America’s most serious and growing epidemics. As expected, the prevalence of numerous, adverse health conditions flowing from obesity has also increased. For some of these conditions, obesity appears to be a strong causal factor, others are mentioned in the literature as associations or as causing additional complications: asthma, birth defects, certain cancers (such as breast, esophagus, gastric cardia, colorectal, endometrial, kidney, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate and renal cell), chronic venous insufficiency, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, deep vein thrombosis, end-stage renal disease, erectile dysfunction, gallbladder disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gout, fatty liver disease also called NASH, heat disorders, hypertension, hypercholesteremia, impaired respiratory function, infections following wounds, infertility, kidney disease, low back pain, macular degeneration, metabolic syndrome, migraine, gynecological complications, osteoarthritis, pancreatitis, polycystic ovary syndrome, pseudotumor cerebri or benign intracranial hypertension, psoriasis, sleep apnea, stroke and urinary stress incontinence and urinary tract infections. Obesity is often accompanied by psychosocial problems and outright stigmatization and discrimination. Low self-esteem and disability are obesity’s handmaidens.

The health effects of morbid obesity may be understated. A recent study found that employees with morbid obesity have a significantly higher prevalence of more than 100 diseases and conditions compared with other employees, and that those who had bariatric surgery had reduced the prevalence of one quarter of them. According to the lead author, “Morbid obesity appears to be a common link between a wide variety of conditions. This study suggests employers who implement effective prevention and treatment strategies for morbid obesity itself could have a major impact on the overall health of their employees.” New Study Shows Morbidly Obese Workforce Has Higher Prevalence of 100+ Diseases and Conditions

The following are numerous health effects associated with obesity. This is not intended as an exhaustive listing of conditions. Some may be inadvertently omitted. In some cases, the relationship between obesity and the condition are well established. Conditions also vary in how powerful a factor obesity might be. Type 2 diabetes, dislipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, breathlessness, the obesity hypoventilation syndrome, indiopathic intercranial hypertension and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis have the strongest association with obesity. The effect of obesity on health outcomes. [Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2009] – PubMed Result

Several conditions are in very early stages of research and the connection with obesity may be disproved. Some of the associations with obesity or overweight are quite strong, less so in others. The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity…[BMC Public Health. 2009] – PubMed Result The links are principally to peer-reviewed, published articles. Where possible, the first link is to a newspaper or magazine article on the subject. The articles are not meant to be comprehensive on the topic but merely to enable the reader who is interested in getting started. Where possible, the links are to review articles which summarize the available studies. Governmental statements are included where available as well as professional consensus statements or treatment guidelines. Whenever available, the links go to free, full-text articles. Otherwise, they are merely the most recent articles concerning the presence or absence of a link between obesity and the named condition. MD

Acute Pancreatitis

Diagnosis and treatment Acute Pancreatitis: Pancreatitis: Merck Manual Home Edition

Acute pancreatitis: a literature review. [Med Sci Monit. 2009] – PubMed Result

Allergic Diseases

Possible link between allergies and childhood obesity Possible Link Between Childhood Obesity And Allergies

Obesity and allergic diseases. [Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2008] – PubMed Result

Alzheimer’s Disease

Relationship of Alzheimer’s disease and obesity Obesity Today, Alzheimer’s Disease Tomorrow?

Adiposity, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer’s diseas…[J Alzheimers Dis. 2009] – PubMed Result

Adiposity and Alzheimer’s disease. [Curr Alzheimer Res. 2007] – PubMed Result

The epidemiology of adiposity and dementia. [Curr Alzheimer Res. 2007] – PubMed Result

Body mass index in midlife and risk of Alzheimer d…[Curr Alzheimer Res. 2007] – PubMed Result

Central obesity and increased risk of dementia mor…[Neurology. 2008] – PubMed Result

Asthma

Understanding the asthma-obesity connection Wider Waist Boosts Asthma Risk – US News and World Report

Researchers have been trying for years to sort out the relationship between asthma and obesity. Some have found no relationship Does higher body mass index contribute to worse as…[J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009] – PubMed Result while others have.

Fitness and body weight in asthma Fitness, daily activity and body composition in ch…[Allergy. 2009] – PubMed Result

Asthma and obesity in 4-5 year olds Association between asthma symptoms and obesity in…[J Asthma. 2009] – PubMed Result

Asthma, the metabolic syndrome and obesity Asthma-like symptoms are increased in the metaboli…[J Asthma. 2009] – PubMed Result

Overweight, obesity, and incident asthma: a meta-a…[Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007] – PubMed Result

A meta-analysis of the effect of high weight on as…[Arch Dis Child. 2006] – PubMed Result

Obesity and the lung: 1. Epidemiology. [Thorax. 2008] – PubMed Result

On-line self tests for children and adults Nationwide Asthma Screening Program — Self Tests – ACAAI

Atrial Fibrillation

AHRQ: Management of new atrial fibrillation New Report Available on Management of New Onset Atrial Fibrillation

Meta-analysis shows increasing BMI increases AF risk Atrial fibrillation and obesity–results of a meta…[Am Heart J. 2008] – PubMed Result

Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation. [Swiss Med Wkly. 2009] – PubMed Result

Obesity and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillat…[JAMA. 2004] – PubMed Result

Risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in relation …[Arch Intern Med. 2006] – PubMed Result

Effect of coffee and obesity on AF Effect of coffee consumption, lifestyle and acute …[J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2008] – PubMed Result

Obesity associated with increased left atrial size Body mass index is an independent determinant of l…[Heart Lung Circ. 2008] – PubMed Result

Tests for Atrial Fibrillation Atrial Fibrillation Diagnosis – Mayo Clinic

Attention Deficit Disorder-Hyperactivity

What is the relationship between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obesity? International Journal of Obesity – Abstract of article: Overweight//obesity and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder tendency among adolescents in China

Association Between Adult Attention Deficit/Hypera…[Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009] – PubMed Result

ADHD associated with long term weight loss Treatment of refractory obesity in severely obese …[Int J Obes (Lond). 2009] – PubMed Result

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) an…[Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2008] – PubMed Result

Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disord…[Eat Behav. 2008] – PubMed Result

Barrett’s Esophagus

Exploring the association between elevated body ma…[Ann Thorac Surg. 2009] – PubMed Result

Birth Defects

Overview: http://www.reuters.com/article/scienceNews/idUSTRE51979K20090210

See: JAMA — Maternal Overweight and Obesity and the Risk of Congenital Anomalies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, February 11, 2009, Stothard et al. 301 (6): 636

USPSTS Recommendations on Folic Acid Consumption

Folic acid for the prevention of neural tube defects: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.

Blood Pressure, Hypertension

How Do I Know If I Have High Blood Pressure?

Visceral obesity associated with lack of success in hypertension treatment Blood pressure control and components of the metab…[Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2009] – PubMed Result

High blood pressure (HBP), blood pressure readings

Questions on long term improvements in blood pressure with weight loss. Long-term weight loss from lifestyle intervention …[Hypertension. 2009] – PubMed Result

Blount Disease

Association with obesity Blount disease. [J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009] – PubMed Result

Body mass index as a prognostic factor in developm…[J Pediatr Orthop. 2007] – PubMed Result

Relationship to Childhood Obesity Blount disease. [J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009] – PubMed Result

Breast Cancer

Combined effects of obesity and type 2 diabetes co…[Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2009] – PubMed Result

Adipocytokines and breast cancer risk. [Chin Med J (Engl). 2007] – PubMed Result

Obesity and mammography: a systematic review and m…[J Gen Intern Med. 2009] – PubMed Result

Cancer, General

See Breast Cancer, Endometrial, Esophageal, Ovarian, Pancreatic

Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systema…[Lancet. 2008] – PubMed Result

Cancer incidence and mortality in relation to body…[BMJ. 2007] – PubMed Result

Cancer is a preventable disease that requires majo…[Pharm Res. 2008] – PubMed Result

Effectiveness of Behavioral Interventions to Modify Physical Activity Behaviors in General Populations and Cancer Patients and Survivors: Summary, Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No 102

Energy balance, physical activity, and cancer risk. [Methods Mol Biol. 2009] – PubMed Result

Cardiovascular Disease, see also Heart Disease

Fitness and abdominal obesity are independently as…[J Intern Med. 2009] – PubMed Result

Disease Risk Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiolog…[Circulation. 2006] – PubMed Result

Surgery: Is extreme obesity a risk factor for cardiac surge…[Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006] – PubMed Result

Effect of obesity on early morbidity and mortality…[Heart Lung Circ. 2007] – PubMed Result

Findings from Project HeartBeat! Their importance …[Am J Prev Med. 2009] – PubMed Result

Youth with obesity and type 2 diabetes have heart abnormalities Youth with obesity and obesity-related type 2 diab…[Circulation. 2009] – PubMed Result

Use of BMI or other indicators Waist-height ratio as a predictor of coronary hear…[Epidemiology. 2009] – PubMed Result

Cataracts

Central Obesity and the metabolic syndrome appear to raise the risks of cataracts Relation between cataract and metabolic syndrome a…[Eur J Ophthalmol. 2007 Jul-Aug] – PubMed Result

Cholesterol, Hypercholesterolemia

NHLBI, High Blood Cholesterol: What You Need to Know

Increased body mass and depressive symptomatology …[Lipids Health Dis. 2009] – PubMed Result

Chronic Diseases

Best Practices for reducing obesity and chronic disease

Reducing obesity and related chronic disease risk …[Obes Rev. 2006] – PubMed Result

Colorectal Cancer

Obesity and colon and rectal cancer risk: a meta-a…[Am J Clin Nutr. 2007] – PubMed Result

Obesity and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-anal…[Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007] – PubMed Result

Obesity and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysi…[World J Gastroenterol. 2007] – PubMed Result

Obesity and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-anal…[Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007] – PubMed Result

Deep Vein Thrombosis

The Coalition to Prevent DVT has a risk assessment tool at Assess Your DVT Bloood Clot Risks

[Influence of body mass index and age on deep vein...[Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2006] – PubMed Result

Cardiovascular evaluation and management of severe…[Circulation. 2009] – PubMed Result

Metabolic syndrome and risk of venous thromboembol…[J Thromb Haemost. 2009] – PubMed Result

Greater fish, fruit, and vegetable intakes are rel…[Circulation. 2007] – PubMed Result

Depression

The relationship between abdominal fat, obesity, a…[J Psychosom Res. 2009] – PubMed Result

Altered executive function in obesity. Exploration…[Appetite. 2009] – PubMed Result

A prospective study of the role of depression in t…[Pediatrics. 2002] – PubMed Result

Depression and body mass index, a u-shaped associa…[BMC Public Health. 2009] – PubMed Result

Psychosocial aspects of obesity. [Adv Psychosom Med. 2006] – PubMed Result

Diverticulitis

AHRQ: Research Activities, July 2009: Chronic Disease: Obesity boosts risk of diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding

Research Activities, July 2009: Chronic Disease: Obesity boosts risk of diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding

Obesity increases the risks of diverticulitis and …[Gastroenterology. 2009] – PubMed Result

Drug Induced Weight Gain

Epidemiology, implications and mechanisms underlyi…[J Psychiatr Res. 2003 May-Jun] – PubMed Result

[Psychotropic drugs induced weight gain: a review ...[Encephale. 2005 Jul-Aug] – PubMed Result

Preventive treatment of migraine: effect on weight. [Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2008] – PubMed Result

AHRQ Effective Health Care Program – Summary Guides

Weight issues for people with epilepsy–a review. [Epilepsia. 2007] – PubMed Result

Weight gain in the treatment of mood disorders. [J Clin Psychiatry. 2003] – PubMed Result

Weight gain in bipolar disorder: pharmacological t…[Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2008] – PubMed Result

Bipolar disorder, obesity, and pharmacotherapy-ass…[J Clin Psychiatry. 2003] – PubMed Result

Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial Cancer Risk Among Younger, Overweight …[Obstet Gynecol. 2009] – PubMed Result

New review on obesity and endometrial cancer Body size, adult BMI gain and endometrial cancer r…[Int J Cancer. 2009] – PubMed Result

Epilepsy

Obesity related to undiagnosed epilepsy in children Obesity is a common comorbidity for pediatric pati…[Neurology. 2009] – PubMed Result

Erectile Dysfunction

The triad of erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism and the metabolic syndrome

Beneficial impact of exercise and obesity interven…[J Sex Med. 2009] – PubMed Result

Effect of lifestyle changes on erectile dysfunctio…[JAMA. 2004] – PubMed Result

Esophageal Cancer

Body mass index and adenocarcinomas of the esophag…[Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006] – PubMed Result

Abdominal Obesity Abdominal obesity and the risk of esophageal and g…[Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008] – PubMed Result

Fecal Incontinence

Fecal incontinence in obese women with urinary inc…[Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009] – PubMed Result

Gallstone Disease

[Gallbladder disease and obesity] [Gac Med Mex. 2004 Jul-Aug] – PubMed Result

Gallstone disease: Primary and secondary preventio…[Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2006] – PubMed Result

GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease)

Relationship of BMI to GERD in the US Body mass index and gastroesophageal reflux diseas…[Am J Gastroenterol. 2006] – PubMed Result

Meta-analysis: obesity and the risk for gastroesop…[Ann Intern Med. 2005] – PubMed Result

AHRQ Effective Health Care Program – Summary Guides

New Guidelines American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gestational Diabetes

Intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes, chi…[Am J Hypertens. 2009] – PubMed Result

Obese Mothers at risk for Gestational Diabetes. See: Maternal obesity and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis — Chu et al., 10.2337/dc06-2559a — Diabetes Care

Maternal obesity and risk of gestational diabetes …[Diabetes Care. 2007] – PubMed Result

AHRQ Clinician’s Guide http://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/repFiles/2009_0804GDM_Clinician_final.pdf

Gum Disease

Obesity is associated with gum disease with inflammation being a common possible method of action Obesity Boosts Gum Disease Risk – Forbes.com

Heart Disease

The obesity paradox: body mass index and outcomes …[Arch Intern Med. 2005] – PubMed Result

Optimal Body Weight for the Prevention of Coronary…[Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009] – PubMed Result

Childhood obesity, CVD risk Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular disease…[Int J Obes (Lond). 2009] – PubMed Result

Different degrees of overweight: anthropometric in…[Acta Cardiol. 2009] – PubMed Result

Optimal Body Weight for the Prevention of Coronary…[Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009] – PubMed Result

Impact of obesity on cardiovascular disease. [Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2008] – PubMed Result

Obesity and cardiovascular disease: risk factor, p…[J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009] – PubMed Result

The joint effects of physical activity and body ma…[Arch Intern Med. 2008] – PubMed Result

Body mass index and vigorous physical activity and…[Circulation. 2009] – PubMed Result

Association of overweight with increased risk of c…[Arch Intern Med. 2007] – PubMed Result

Obesity and disease management: effects of weight …[Obes Res. 2001] – PubMed Result

Inflammation

Small study: Anti-inflammatory treatments (aspirin, statins) may help with weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes. The effect of anti-inflammatory (aspirin and/or st…[Diabet Med. 2009] – PubMed Result

Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism — Greenberg and Obin 83 (2): 461S — American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Obesity, innate immunity and gut inflammation. [Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2007] – PubMed Result

The evolving role of inflammation in obesity and t…[Curr Diab Rep. 2005] – PubMed Result

Epidemic inflammation: pondering obesity. [Mol Med. 2008 Jul-Aug] – PubMed Result

Relationship between inflammation, insulin resista…[Curr Diabetes Rev. 2006] – PubMed Result

Insulin Resistance

From chronic overnutrition to insulin resistance: …[Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009] – PubMed Result

Permanent impairment of insulin resistance from pr…[Med Hypotheses. 2009] – PubMed Result

Kidney Disease

Should prevention of chronic kidney disease start …[Int Urol Nephrol. 2008] – PubMed Result

Overweight, obesity and chronic kidney disease. [Nephron Clin Pract. 2009] – PubMed Result

Waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, and subsequen…[Am J Kidney Dis. 2008] – PubMed Result

Overweight, obesity, and the development of stage …[Am J Kidney Dis. 2008] – PubMed Result

Association between obesity and kidney disease: a …[Kidney Int. 2008] – PubMed Result

Lipids, Hyperlipidemia

Bridging science and health policy in cardiovascul…[Atheroscler Suppl. 2009] – PubMed Result

Genetic influence of lipids HDL subspecies in young adult twins: heritability …[Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009] – PubMed Result

Macrosomia

The influence of obesity and diabetes on the preva…[Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004] – PubMed Result

Macular Degeneration

Changes in waist-hip and macular degeneration Changes in abdominal obesity and age-related macul…[Arch Ophthalmol. 2008] – PubMed Result

Obesity and eye diseases. [Surv Ophthalmol. 2007 Mar-Apr] – PubMed Result

Melonoma Cancer

Cutaneous melanoma and obesity in the Agricultural…[Ann Epidemiol. 2008] – PubMed Result

Metabolic Syndrome

Abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome: cont…[Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008] – PubMed Result

The concept of cardiometabolic risk: Bridging the …[Ann Med. 2008] – PubMed Result

Is visceral obesity the cause of the metabolic syn…[Ann Med. 2006] – PubMed Result

Maternal obesity, gestational diabetes and large for gestational age factors Metabolic syndrome in childhood: association with …[Pediatrics. 2005] – PubMed Result

Lifestyle intervention in obese children with non-…[Arch Dis Child. 2009] – PubMed Result

Migraines

Obesity may raise migraine risk, U.S. study finds | Science & Health | Reuters

Obesity, migraine, and chronic migraine: possible …[Neurology. 2007] – PubMed Result

Body mass index and headaches: findings from a nat…[Cephalalgia. 2008] – PubMed Result

Migraines and the metabolic syndrome Migraine in metabolic syndrome. [Neurologist. 2009] – PubMed Result

Mobility Problems in the Elderly

Metabolic syndrome and physical decline in older p…[J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009] – PubMed Result

Lifestyle factors and incident mobility limitation…[Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007] – PubMed Result

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Musculoskeletal disorders associated with obesity:…[Obes Rev. 2006] – PubMed Result

Musculoskeletal effects of obesity. [Curr Opin Pediatr. 2009] – PubMed Result

Musculoskeletal findings in obese subjects before …[Int J Obes (Lond). 2007] – PubMed Result

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

NAFLD strongly affects Hispanic population through obesity and insulin resistance Correlates and heritability of nonalcoholic fatty …[Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009] – PubMed Result

Metabolic liver disease of obesity and role of adi…[World J Gastroenterol. 2007] – PubMed Result

Metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver d…[Ann Hepatol. 2009] – PubMed Result

NASH

Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Role of inflammation in nonalcoholic steatohepatit…[Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2005] – PubMed Result

Obesity Genetic Syndromes

Genetic obesity syndromes. [Front Horm Res. 2008] – PubMed Result

Genetic and hereditary aspects of childhood obesit…[Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005] – PubMed Result

OB/GYN Issues; see also Birth Defects

Greater cesarean deliveries in overweight/obese women Maternal obesity and risk of cesarean delivery: a …[Obes Rev. 2007] – PubMed Result

Higher risk of stillbirths Maternal obesity and risk of stillbirth: a metaana…[Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007] – PubMed Result

The impact of maternal obesity on maternal and fet…[Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2008] – PubMed Result

Higher risks of neural tube defects Maternal obesity and risk of neural tube defects: …[Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008] – PubMed Result

Greater maternal weight and the ongoing risk of ne…[Obstet Gynecol. 2005] – PubMed Result

Reproductive results after bariatric surgery Reproductive outcome after bariatric surgery: a cr…[Hum Reprod Update. 2009 Mar-Apr] – PubMed Result

Pregnancy and fertility following bariatric surger…[JAMA. 2008] – PubMed Result

Obstetric outcome following laparoscopic adjustabl…[Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007] – PubMed Result

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis of the knee and hip and activity: a…[Joint Bone Spine. 2006] – PubMed Result

Obesity and osteoarthritis in knee, hip and/or han…[BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008] – PubMed Result

Obesity increases the likelihood of total joint re…[Int Orthop. 2007] – PubMed Result

The relationship between obesity and the age at wh…[J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008] – PubMed Result

Ovarian Cancer

Height, body mass index, and ovarian cancer: a poo…[Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008] – PubMed Result

Body mass index, height, and the risk of ovarian c…[Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002] – PubMed Result

Pain

Overview of the relationship between pain and obes…[J Rehabil Res Dev. 2007] – PubMed Result

low back pain and obesity – PubMed Results

Pancreatic Cancer

Body mass index and risk, age of onset, and surviv…[JAMA. 2009] – PubMed Result

Pelvic Floor Disorders

Obesity is associated with increased prevalence an…[Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2008] – PubMed Result

Obesity and pelvic floor disorders: a systematic r…[Obstet Gynecol. 2008] – PubMed Result

PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome)

Effect of body weight on PCOS Effect of body mass index on clinical manifestatio…[Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2009] – PubMed Result

Polycystic ovary syndrome: a major unrecognized ca…[Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2009] – PubMed Result

Pregnancy Outcomes

Obesity as an independent risk factor for elective…[Obes Rev. 2009] – PubMed Result

Effect of Body Mass Index on pregnancy outcomes in…[BMC Public Health. 2007] – PubMed Result

Prostate Cancer

Obese men have larger tumors Obese men have higher-grade and larger tumors: an …[Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2009] – PubMed Result

Psoriasis

Psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome. [J Drugs Dermatol. 2008] – PubMed Result

Pseudo Tumor cerebri (idiopathic intercranial hypertension)

Profiles of obesity, weight gain, and quality of l…[Am J Ophthalmol. 2007] – PubMed Result

Gastric surgery for pseudotumor cerebri associated…[Ann Surg. 1999] – PubMed Result

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: the associat…[BMC Ophthalmol. 2007] – PubMed Result

Renal Transplantation

Severe obesity affects success of renal transplantation Effect of degree of obesity on renal transplant ou…[Transplant Proc. 2008] – PubMed Result

Morbid Obesity not a contraindication to transplant Morbid obesity is not a contraindication to kidney…[Am J Surg. 2004] – PubMed Result

Severe Mental Illness

Obesity in patients with severe mental illness Overview of managing medical comorbidities in pati…[J Clin Psychiatry. 2009] – PubMed Result

Sexual Dysfunction

International Journal of Impotence Research – Abstract of article: Obesity and sexual dysfunction, male and female

Male obesity and alteration in sperm parameters. [Fertil Steril. 2008] – PubMed Result

Sleep Apnea

Is there a connection with obesity? Is there a clear link between overweight/obesity a…[Sleep Med Rev. 2008] – PubMed Result

Sleep Apnea Medicare announces new coverage MEDICARE ANNOUNCES FINAL COVERAGE POLICY FOR SLEEP TESTING FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA

Stroke

Contribution of obesity and abdominal fat mass to …[Stroke. 2008] – PubMed Result

The Impact of Body Mass Index on Mortality After S…[Stroke. 2009] – PubMed Result

AHRQ Stroke Prevention Recommendations

Healthy lifestyle and the risk of stroke in women. [Arch Intern Med. 2006] – PubMed Result

Lifestyle and stroke risk: a review. [Curr Opin Neurol. 2009] – PubMed Result

Obesity: effects on cardiovascular disease and its…[J Am Board Fam Med. 2008 Nov-Dec] – PubMed Result

Swine Flu

Swine Flu may be especially virulent in persons with morbid obesity Intensive-care patients with severe novel influenz…[MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009] – PubMed Result

Type 1 Diabetes

Children with type 1 diabetes likely to be overweight Atlanta health, diet and fitness news | ajc.com

Childhood BMI, breastfeeding and risk of type 1 diabetes Childhood body mass index (BMI), breastfeeding and…[Diabet Med. 2008] – PubMed Result

Type 2 Diabetes

Obesity and Type 2 diabetes: global phenomenon IDF Diabetes Atlas – Obesity and type 2 diabetes

CDC Data & Statistics | Feature: Diabetes is Common, Disabling, Deadly, and On the Rise

CDC’s Diabetes Program – Publications & Products – National Diabetes Fact Sheet 2005

Primer on Diabetes San Fernando Valley Sun – A Diabetes Primer

Prevalence of diabetes among children, adolescents Prevalence of overweight and obesity in youth with…[Pediatr Diabetes. 2009] – PubMed Result

AHRQ Effective Health Care Program – Summary Guides

Effect of weight loss on diabetes Influences of weight loss on long-term diabetes ou…[Proc Nutr Soc. 2008] – PubMed Result

Benefits of weight loss for type 2 diabetics Impact of a weight management program on health-re…[Arch Intern Med. 2009] – PubMed Result

No definitive studies of best dietary practices Dietary advice for the prevention of type 2 diabet…[Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008] – PubMed Result

Not much evidence that physical activity and dietary interventions prevent type 2 diabetes Exercise or exercise and diet for preventing type …[Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008] – PubMed Result

United Kingdom’s National Institute for Clinical Evidence (NICE) issues new guidelines for treating type 2 diabetes. Type 2 Diabetes – newer agents (partial update of CG66)

Studies confirm effectiveness of bariatric surgery in resolving diabetes Data confirm long-term effects of bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes

UK Diabetes drug may also cause weight loss Diabetes Drug: New Treatment Helps Lower Blood Pressure And Weight Loss | Health | Sky News

FDA to review once a week diabetes drug US FDA To Review Once-A-Week Diabetes Drug Exenatide – WSJ.com

Stopping type 2 diabetes in children Experts: Most type 2 diabetes can be stopped in childhood – USATODAY.com

Urinary Incontinence

Weight loss helps women with urinary incontinence Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Women Reduces Urinary Incontinence, January 28, 2009 News Release – National Institutes of Health (NIH)

A systematic review of overweight and obesity as r…[Neurourol Urodyn. 2008] – PubMed Result

Weight loss to treat urinary incontinence in overw…[N Engl J Med. 2009] – PubMed Result

Uterine Cancer

Obesity positively associated with uterine cancer The impact of BMI on subgroups of uterine cancer. [Br J Cancer. 2009] – PubMed Result

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Posted in HEALTH & STIGMA, Health Effects

Tags: ADD-HD adverse health conditions and obesity AHRQ allergy Alzheiner's disease asthma asthma and obesity atrial fibrillation birth defects breast cancer breast cancers cancer cholesterol chronic disease depression drug induced weight gain elderly epidemic erectile dysfunction gallbladder disease gallstones GERD Gestational diabetes Gum disease heart disease heat disorders hypertension incontinece incontinence inflammation insulin resistance kidney kidney disease macular degeneration mental illness metabolic syndrome migraines mobility musculosketelal disorders NAFLD NASH ob/gyn obesity association with diseases osteoarthrities pain PCOS pregnancy sexual dysfunction sleep apnea stroke Type 2 diabetes urinary incontinence

Research

September 26th, 2009

Research is fundamental to understanding, preventing and treating obesity. And yet research reports are often not accepted by the public or policy-makers. One reason is that almost every adult is their own self-study of weight control. A study might have the most precise protocol, a powerful sample size and control for a variety of factors but if it does not comport with what “I” experience, I am not likely to believe it. But research itself in obesity is not without its difficulties. Many studies are ‘underpowered”, i.e. they have too few subjects to draw a conclusion from. That is why many preliminary studies do not pan out in larger tests. Also, in many cases, especially in drug trials, researchers try to remove “confounders” from the test subjects so they can see if there is an effect of the drug. That means that many patients who are sick, smoke, take other drugs, etc. are excluded from the trial. When the drug, for example, gets used by a more ‘real-world’ sample, the effects sometimes vanish. Studies that rely on self-reported weights or dietary recall or physical activity diaries are sometimes less reliable than studies where a more objective measurement is needed. Self-reported weight and height — Rowland 52 (6): 1125 — American Journal of Clinical Nutrition and COMPARISON OF SELF-REPORTED AND MEASURED HEIGHT AND WEIGHT — PALTA et al. 115 (2): 223 — American Journal of Epidemiology

There also may be a bias from the funding source (See Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice – Institute of Medicine, Relationship between funding source and conclusion…[PLoS Med. 2007] – PubMed Result, Scope and impact of financial conflicts of interes…[JAMA. 2003 Jan 22-29] – PubMed Result) or a selection of participants which may skew the results one way or another. Currently, there is a lot of concern about ghost written scientific articles. Ghostwriting Widespread in Medical Journals, Study Says – NYTimes.com

What’s a reader to do? The first is to read skeptically. The second is to go to several different papers or research articles. If different authors appear to agree upon key points, chances are that they are on to something. Remember, extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. Research is a communications process among researchers and it should be thought of as a dialogue to which we can all listen.

Many readers may find useful this site, The Little Handbook of Statistical Practice. It is a handy guide to understanding some of the statistical issues involved…like association is not causation.

Research is key. If you are interested in furthering research, you should look into participating in a clinical research activity. To see what clinical trials are underway in obesity research, see www.ClinicalTrials.gov/Search of: Open Studies | “Obesity” – List Results – ClinicalTrials.gov

A major NIH initiative is support for Obesity and Nutrition Research Centers. In addition to the research they carry out, these centers are critical training facilities for new investigators exploring obesity. Most have their own websites which can provide additional, valuable information. Their sites may provide you with helpful information. Also included are their annual reports.

University of Alabama Nutrition & Obesity Research Center | Nutrition & Obesity Research Center Annual report at http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/E6AE7940-23AC-402E-BCAC-D4F11A9213B0/0/Alabama.pdf
University of Colorado at Denver and Health Science Center. No website. Annual report at http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/061BCC83-261E-4B39-95CC-226C97B03ED2/0/Colorado.pdf
Pennington Biomedical Research Center PBRC – Nutrition Obesity Research Center. Annual report at: http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/841B5FA5-7AC1-4DDB-AD3F-300B94468560/0/Pennington.pdf
University of Maryland, http://medschool.umaryland.edu/cnru/index.asp. Annual report at http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/BF6E7D31-948E-450A-AFF5-B863FF427B24/0/Maryland.pdf
Boston, MA Boston Obesity Nutrition Research Center Annual report at: http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/83F114DD-E707-4623-BA20-BCE02C33ADF6/0/Boston.pdf
Harvard,MA, no website. Annual report at: http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/9AFA2465-42C0-40CB-87DB-35813E80A978/0/Harvard.pdf
University of Minnesota. Minnesota Obesity Center | College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences | University of Minnesota Annual Report at http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/78A3842A-030C-45F7-856E-5C27BE202C15/0/Minnesota.pdf
Washington University, Missouri http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/BB5BBA2D-AA63-4B73-99D6-56741BB220B3/0/WashingtonUniversity.pdf
Columbia/Cornell, New York, NY http://www.nyorc.org/favicon.ico Annual Report at: http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/28E027FF-5212-4F15-960B-4E5C84FF952A/0/NewYork.pdf
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. No website. Annual report at: http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/8836D29C-0AF8-4C6A-914E-9D12828A1A82/0/NorthCarolina.pdf
University of Pittsburgh. No web site. Annual Report at: http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/C8B65B24-EE7A-495C-B441-05EAD3372283/0/Pittsburgh.pdf
University of Washington. http://depts.washington.edu/favicon.ico. Annual Report at: http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/739D3F88-98FE-4733-9D31-6BB81A1DA915/0/Washington.pdf

New Studies , updated October 16, 2009

Obesity driven GERD drives up health care visits Trends in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease as Measu…[Dig Dis Sci. 2009] – PubMed Result

Psychiatrists survey on attitudes to obese patients Psychiatrists’ perceptions and practices in treati…[Acad Psychiatry. 2009 Sep-Oct] – PubMed Result

More evidence for role of FTO gene in obesity via loss of control and selecting diet high in fat The FTO gene rs9939609 obesity-risk allele and los…[Am J Clin Nutr. 2009] – PubMed Result

AHRQ summarizes evidence on breast-feeding, finds reduced risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes A Summary of the Agency for Healthcare Research an…[Breastfeed Med. 2009] – PubMed Result

Weight loss after bariatric surgery may be explained by changes in gut hormones controlling appetite. The Gut Hormone Response Following Roux-en-Y Gastr…[Obes Surg. 2009] – PubMed Result

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Posted in RESEARCH

Tags: AHRQ appetite Bariatric Surgery clinical trials Columbia University confounders drugs funding funding sources gut hormones Harvard University NIH Obesity Research RESEARCH smoking statistics statistics on obesity Type 2 diabetes University of Alabama University of Colorado University of Minnesota University of North Carolina Chapel Hill University of Pittsburch University of Washington Washington Univesity